New Horizons
- First dedicated spacecraft platform to explore Pluto
- Launched in 2006, closest approach was on July 14, 2015
- Closest point – 12,500 km from Pluto’s surface at a velocity of 14 km/s
- New Horizons science payload The science payload includes seven instruments:
- Ralph: Visible and infrared imager/spectrometer; provides color, composition and thermal maps.
- Alice: Ultraviolet imaging spectrometer; analyzes composition and structure of Pluto's atmosphere and looks for atmospheres around Charon and Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs).
- REX: (Radio Science Experiment) Measures atmospheric composition and temperature; passive radiometer.
- LORRI: (Long Range Reconnaissance Imager) telescopic camera; obtains encounter data at long distances, maps Pluto's far side and provides high resolution geologic data.
- SWAP: (Solar Wind around Pluto) Solar wind and plasma spectrometer; measures atmospheric "escape rate" and observes Pluto's interaction with solar wind.
- PEPSSI: (Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation) Energetic particle spectrometer; measures the composition and density of plasma (ions) escaping from Pluto's atmosphere.
- SDC: (Student Dust Counter) Built and operated by students; measures the space dust peppering New Horizons during its voyage across the solar system.
Pluto & The Kuiper Belt
- Pluto was discovered in 1930 as the ninth planet of the Solar system.
- Twenty years after its discovery, astronomers postulated the presence of the Kuiper Belt, comprising a vast collection of icy objects beyond the orbit of Neptune, in which Pluto itself was a member.
- The first Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) was discovered in 1992 — throwing doubt over Pluto’s status as planet — and since then observers have found more than 1,000 KBOs, with diameters ranging from 50 kms to almost 2,400 kms.
- The International Astronomical Union in 2006 chose to classify Pluto and the recently discovered large Kuiper Belt Objects as dwarf planets.
Why research on Pluto and The Kuiper Belt is so important?
The Kuiper Belt contains a sizable supply of ancient, icy and organic material that are held in deep freeze, and that were left over from the birth pangs of the planets, containing evidences of the distant past. Because of this, planetary scientists are keen to learn more about Pluto and its moons, Charon (the largest), Styx, Nix, Kerberos and Hydra, and other objects in the Kuiper Belt.
Scientists believe that Pluto’s atmosphere loses a lot of mass into space. The thermal energy of typical molecules in the upper atmosphere is sufficient to escape Pluto’s gravitational hold, a process called hydrodynamic escape. The same may have been responsible for the rapid loss of hydrogen from Earth’s atmosphere early in our planet’s history, making Earth suitable for life. Pluto is the only place in the solar system where we can study hydrodynamic escape on a planetary scale today.
Another important connection between Pluto and life on Earth is the likely presence of organic compounds more complex than the frozen methane on Pluto’s surface and water ice inside the dwarf planet. Recent observations of smaller KBOs show that they are also most likely to harbor large amounts of ice and organic substances. Such objects are considered to have routinely strayed into the inner part of the solar system billions of years ago, collided with Earth, and helped to seed the young Earth with the building blocks of life. Given all these scientific motivations, it is understandable why there is increased scientific interest in Pluto and the Kuiper Belt.
For more details: http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/all-eyes-on-pluto/article7470864.ece
Photo Courtesy: www.space.com
For more details: http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/all-eyes-on-pluto/article7470864.ece
Photo Courtesy: www.space.com